Adherence to and invasion of HeLa cells by Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from animals / Adesão e invasão de células HeLa por amostras de Campylobacter spp. isoladas de animais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the adherence to and invasion of HeLa cells by Campylobacter spp. strains (total n=63) isolated from chickens (n=4), dogs (n=4), non-human primates (n=16), pigs (n=9), calf feces (n=18), and bovine genital tracts (n=12). Thirty-two strains adhered to and 13 invaded HeLa cells. Invasive strains included 1 of 4 dog isolates, 4 of 16 non-human primate isolates (2 C. jejuni and 2 C. coli), 1 of 9 C. coli strains isolated from pigs, and 7 of 18 C. fetus subsp. fetus isolated from calf feces. Only 25% of chicken and dog isolates and 23% of pig isolates were able to adhere to HeLa cells, a property of 65% of strains obtained from calf feces and 83% of bovine genital tract-isolated strains. The adherent phenotype was observed in 5 of 19, 6 of 15, and 21 of 29 strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus subsp. fetus, respectively, whereas 3 of 19, 3 of 15, and 7 of 29 strains were additionally able to invade HeLa cells, respectively. C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated from animal feces are able to adhere and invade HeLa cells, whereas C. fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated from the bovine genital tract were not invasive in HeLa cells. The present study showed that C. jejuni isolated from primates and dogs, C. coli isolated from non-human primates and pigs, and C. fetus subsp. fetus isolated from calf feces have the ability to adhere to and to invade HeLa cells. Moreover, the lack of invasive ability by C. fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated from the bovine genital tract could be important in the pathogenesis of the genital tract diseases caused by this bacterium.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adesão e invasão de células HeLa por amotras de Campylobacter spp. (total n=63) isoladas de frangos (n=4), cães (n=4), primatas não-humanos (n=16), porcos (n=9), fezes de bezerros (n=18), e trato genital de bovinos (n=12). Trinta e duas amostras foram capazes de aderir e 13 invadiram células HeLa. As amostras invasivas incluíram 1 de 4 isolados de cão, 4 de 16 isolados de primatas não-humano (2 C. jejuni e 2 C. coli), 1 de 9 C. coli isoladas de porcos e 7 de 18 C. fetus subsp. fetus isoladas de fezes de bezerros. Apenas 25% dos isolados de frango e de cão e 23% dos isolados de suínos foram capazes de aderir a células HeLa, propriedade exibida por 65% das cepas obtidas a partir de fezes de bezerros e por 83% das amostras isoladas de trato genital bovino. O fenótipo aderente foi observado em 5 de 19, 6 de 15 e 21 de 29 amostras de C. jejuni, C. coli e C. fetus subsp. fetus, respectivamente, enquanto que 3 de 19, 3 de 15 e 7 de 29 amostras foram adicionalmente capazes de invadir as células HeLa, respectivamente. Amostras de C. jejuni, C. coli e C. fetus subsp. fetus isoladas de fezes de animais foram capazes de aderir e invadir as células HeLa, enquanto amostras de C. fetus subsp. fetus isoladas a partir de amostras de trato genital bovino não foram invasivas, em células HeLa. O presente estudo mostrou que amostras de C. jejuni isoladas de primatas não-humanos e cães, C. coli isoladas de primatas não-humanos e porcos, e C. fetus subsp. fetus isolados a partir de fezes de bezerros foram capazes de aderir e invadir células HeLa. Além disso, a falta de capacidade invasiva de amostras de C. fetus subsp. fetus isoladas de trato genital bovino pode ser importante na patogênese das doenças das vias genitais causadas por esta bactéria.(AU)

Campylobacter spp em carne de ave crua: avaliação da etapa de resfriamento / Campylobacter spp in fresh meat poultry: chilling step assessment

Na obtenção de carcaças, cortes ou carnes desossadas de aves com qualidade assegurada, várias etapas indispensáveis devem ser seguidas de maneira eficiente, desde a granja avícola até a fase do consumo. As carnes de aves são consideradas alimentos que apresentam elevado risco de transmissão de doenças, como a campilobacteriose. Neste estudo, foi analisado o papel da etapa de resfriamento das carcaças na contaminação com Campylobacter spp. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras das carcaças com swabs, após o resfriamento do produto, bem como a amostra da água usada nos tanques para tal finalidade. Das amostras de carcaças analisadas, 27% apresentaram resultados positivos para Campylobacter spp. Houve predominância de Campylobacter jejuni biotipo I nos isolados identificados e biotipificados, entretanto, essa bactéria não foi detectada na água de resfriamento. Considera-se que o controle da contaminação com essas bactérias deve ser feito ainda no plantel, na ave viva. Visto que a bactéria é sensível ao cozimento, recomenda-se consumir esse alimento bem cozido, tomando-se os devidos cuidados durante o preparo, para que não ocorra contaminação cruzada com alimentos que são ingeridos crus.

In order to achieve the assured quality in carcasses, cuts or boneless poultry meat, some fundamentalprocedures must be followed throughout the poultry chain, from the farm to consumers. Poultry productsare considered as foods with high risk for diseases transmission such as campilobacteriosis. As the chickenmeat is highly consumed by Brazilian people, this study was conducted to analyze the role of the chilling stagein the poultry processing in inducing the contamination with Campylobacter spp. For this purpose, samplesfrom the carcasses were swabbed after chilling, and also the chilling water was analyzed. Campylobacter spppositive results were shown in 27% of the analyzed carcasses. The isolates were identified and biotypified, andthe predominance of Campylobacter jejuni biotype I was showed; however, Campylobacter was not isolatedfrom chilling water sample. Considering that neither the chilling in chlorinated water nor any other stepin the poultry processing do eliminate and/or inactivate the bacterium, the bacteria contamination controlshould start just at the breeding stage, in the alive bird. Since the bacterium is heat sensible, it is advisableto consume well-cooked poultry, and to avoid cross contamination with raw foods.

Biossensores para o monitoramento da exposição a poluentes ambientais / Biosensors to monitor the exposition to environmental pollutants

Este artigo apresenta uma síntese crítica da literatura sobre a tecnologia dos biossensores. Os princípios nos quais se baseia esta nova abordagem analítica, suas principais características que a diferenciam dos outros métodos tradicionais (químicos e bioensaios), as múltiplas configurações e tipos que têm sido desenvolvidos por pesquisadores das mais variadas áreas da ciência e uma definição adequada para esta nova classe de sistemas analíticos são examinados. Por fim, as diversas aplicações dos biossensores, com ênfase para o monitoramento de poluentes ambientais perigosos para a saúdehumana (ex: pesticidas, metais, fenol, nitrito, disruptores endócrinos, etc.) e as perspectivas futuras nesta área são discutidas.

This article presents a critical review of the literature about the biosensor technology. The principles of this new analytical approach, its main unique characteristics and the multiple configurations or types developed, as well as a suitable definition for this class of analytical systems are evaluated. The various applications of the biosensors in several areas, specially for the monitoring of environmental pollutants (e.g. pesticides, metals, phenol, nitrite, endocrine disruptors, etc.) hazardous to human health, and the future perspectives in this filed are discussed.

Circulation of Campylobacter spp. in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) held in captivity: a longitudinal study.

Campylobacteriosis is an extremely important zoonosis, circulating freely in the environment. In nonhuman primates kept in open facilities and bred for experimental purposes, the presence of Campylobacter spp. could cause severe damage to the production and interfere with the results of scientific research. In this paper, we assessed the circulation of Campylobacter spp. in a colony of clinically healthy rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) destined to research. The analysis was carried out during seven non-consecutive years. Data showed that despite several changes made in animal management along the studied years in order to control this zoonosis, reduction of bacterial charge did not occur. Significant differences among the age groups and sex were observed. Infants showed higher susceptibility than adult animals. In general males were more infected than females. Modifications adopted in the handling techniques need to be reviewed with the intent of improving the production, reducing bacterial infection of the stock and avoiding undesirable cross reactions in the research carried out with these animals. Therefore, this paper alerts professionals that work directly with captive rhesus monkeys about the risks of Campylobacter spp. infection and possible interference on the experimental procedures.

Circulation of Campylobacter spp. in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) held in captivity: a longitudinal study

Campylobacteriosis is an extremely important zoonosis, circulating freely in the environment. In nonhuman primates kept in open facilities and bred for experimental purposes, the presence of Campylobacter spp. could cause severe damage to the production and interfere with the results of scientific research. In this paper, we assessed the circulation of Campylobacter spp. in a colony of clinically healthy rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) destined to research. The analysis was carried out during seven non-consecutive years. Data showed that despite several changes made in animal management along the studied years in order to control this zoonosis, reduction of bacterial charge did not occur. Significant differences among the age groups and sex were observed. Infants showed higher susceptibility than adult animals. In general males were more infected than females. Modifications adopted in the handling techniques need to be reviewed with the intent of improving the production, reducing bacterial infection of the stock and avoiding undesirable cross reactions in the research carried out with these animals. Therefore, this paper alerts professionals that work directly with captive rhesus monkeys about the risks of Campylobacter spp. infection and possible interference on the experimental procedures.